Trong các nhà máy mà sử dụng các động cơ loại lớn ví dụ như Xi măng, khai mỏ, hóa chất, sản xuất thức an gia súc…thì mỗi khi khởi động các động cơ loại lớn này thì cần có biện pháp khởi động thích hợp. Một trong những biện pháp đó là người ta dùng biến trở lỏng. Nguyên tắc chung là khi bắt đầu khởi động thì do quán tính của động cơ lớn nên sức ì của động cơ gây ra một sự phản kháng lại lực từ làm xoay rô to lồng sóc. Điều đó làm cho dòng khởi động động cơ sẽ rất lớn, dẫn tới sụt áp trên toàn lưới điện và ảnh hưởng tới các hoạt động của mạng lưới điện xung quanh, độ bền của động cơ vì không được khởi động quay một cách từ từ… và còn gây ra nhiều nguyên nhân xấu khác nữa cho toàn hệ thống.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV92U_YASRw]
Để khắc phục điều đó, người ta nối song song với cuộn rô to của động cơ một điện trở mà có thể thay đổi được giá trị từ cao xuống thấp và ngược lại (biến trở). Cấu tạo của biến trở đó là có các bản cực di chuyển trong một dung môi lỏng dẫn điện. Vì sự thay đổi khoảng cách của các bản cực này từ xa tới gần nhau dẫn tới giá trị điện trở của biến trở này từ lớn tới zero. Biến trở như vậy gọi là biến trở lỏng
Động cơ được nối song song với biến trở lỏng nên điện trở tổng cũng giảm mạnh khi biến trở lỏng thay đổi giá trị từ lớn về zero. Từ đó làm cho dòng điện khởi động nhỏ và động cơ từ từ quay được…
Theo hiện trạng của các nhà máy xi măng ở Việt Nam thì hiện nay còn rất nhiều nhà máy sử dụng biến trở lỏng nhưng chất lỏng là dùng bằng dầu rất nguy hiểm và quá trình khởi động không hoàn toàn trơn mướt. Lí do là trong quá trình khởi động thì có dòng điện chạy qua giữa hai điện cực nên sẽ làm nóng chất lỏng. Nếu hệ thống không được làm mát tôt, dầu sẽ bị nóng lên và gây cháy nổ hệ thống.
Bởi vậy, ngày nay với xu hướng hiện đại hóa và cải tiến theo chiều hướng an toàn và bền vững cho động cơ, các biến trở lòng bằng dầu dần được thay thế bằng biến trở lỏng bằng dung dịch muối.
Hãng AOIP hiện đang đi đầu trong việc cung cấp các giải pháp khởi động động cơ bằng biến trở lỏng cho những động cơ có công suất từ 500kW cho tới 20000kW.
Đặc biệt, trong các nhà máy xi măng với các quy trình như nghiền, đập, băng tải thì các động cơ sử dụng có công suất rất lớn. Vì lẽ đó…hầu hết các nhà máy xi măng đều sử dụng các bộ biến trở lỏng này.
Tuy nhiên, các kỹ sư trong nhà máy xi măng lại rất ít có cơ hội tìm hiểu về nguyên lí cấu tạo, cách thức bảo trì vì thiết bị thuộc loại đắt tiền và ít phải sửa chữa cũng như thay thế nếu không hư hỏng nặng.
Đây là một trong số các buổi training về sản phẩm EPM (Liquid starter) của hãng AOIP dùng trong các nhà máy xi măng tại việt Nam và trên thế giới.
Hãy liên hệ chúng tôi để biết thêm chi tiết và chức năng của sản phẩm – Công ty TNHH giải pháp và công nghệ đo lường INO – Đại diện của hãng AOIP tại Việt Nam để biết thêm chi tiết về EPM (Liquid starter) của hãng AOIP
Liên hệ với chúng tôi khi bạn cần hỗ trợ:
Email: info@ino.com.vn & Tel: 028 73 300184
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